Thesis (PhD and Master) related to Kerguelen Islands
To the full list of references
Proteker output
To the articles on th French Southern Territories (Kerguelen, Crozet, Saint-Paul & Amsterdam)
253478
UNBB9PWE
items
1
0
author
asc
101
https://www.proteker.net/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-46d7a8e182f1e7ecfcd8d02edb345711%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%222V5EMU76%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Arnaud%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221974%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArnaud%2C%20P.M.%20%281974%29%20Contribution%20%26%23xE0%3B%20la%20bionomie%20marine%20benthique%20des%20r%26%23xE9%3Bgions%20antarctiques%20et%20subantarctiques.%20%3Ci%3ET%26%23xE9%3Bthys%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%206%2C%20467%26%23x2013%3B653.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Contribution%20%5Cu00e0%20la%20bionomie%20marine%20benthique%20des%20r%5Cu00e9gions%20antarctiques%20et%20subantarctiques%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arnaud%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Contribution%20to%20the%20marine%20benthic%20bionomy%20of%20Antarctic%20and%20subantarctic%20regions.%20A%20survey%20of%20benthic%20characteristics%20of%20antarctic%20and%20subantarctic%20regions%20is%20given%2C%20based%20on%20a%20detailed%20examination%20of%20the%20communities%20of%20algae%2C%20invertebrates%20and%20fishes%20of%20the%20shelves%20of%20Adelie%20Land%20%28East%20Antarctica%29%20and%20Kerguelen%20islands.%5CnThe%20peculiarities%20of%20vertical%20and%20horizontal%20distribution%20and%20of%20the%20interspecific%20relationships%20among%20bottom%20organisms%20are%20analysed%20and%20related%20to%20the%20environmental%20conditions%20%3B%20the%20communities%20defined%20in%20this%20analysis%20are%20compared%20to%20the%20few%20data%20already%20published%20for%20the%20neighbouring%20areas.%5CnSome%20of%20these%20peculiaritics%20of%20the%20benthic%20communities%20concemed%20are%20%3A%5Cn-%20the%20high%20frequency%20of%20eurybathic%20species%20%3B%5Cn-%20the%20fundamental%20influence%20of%20marine%20ice%20upon%20the%20vertical%20distribution%20of%20the%20various%20morphological%20and%20biological%20types%20of%20algae%20and%20invertebrates%20%3B%5Cn-%20the%20noticeable%20abundance%20of%20epifauna%20and%20the%20rarity%20of%20endofauna%20%3B%5Cn-%20the%20very%20opportunistic%20choice%20of%20substrates%20by%20invert%5Cu00e8brates%20%3B%5Cn-%20the%20frequent%20lack%20of%20dominant%20species%20in%20the%20communities%20%3B%5Cn-%20the%20striking%20similarities%20of%20bottom%20communities%20in%20East%20Antarctica%2C%20their%20analogies%20with%20the%20communities%20of%20West%20Antarctica%2C%20and%20their%20considerable%20differences%20with%20those%20of%20the%20subantarctic%20regions%20%3B%5Cn-%20the%20role%20of%20the%20large%20kelps%20%28Antarctic%20Phyllogigas%20and%20Desmarestia%2C%20and%20subantarctic%20Macrocystis%20and%20Durvillea%29%20as%20a%20shelter%2C%20a%20place%20for%20feeding%20and%20breeding%2C%20and%20for%20the%20dispersal%20of%20a%20great%20deal%20of%20the%20bottom%20fauna.%5CnVarious%20biological%20peculiarities%20of%20organisms%20are%20qualitatively%20and%20quantitatively%20documented%20in%20relation%20with%20their%20adaptative%20significance%20%3A%20opportunistic%20diet%20and%20seasonal%20or%20regular%20necrophagy%2C%20frequency%20and%20modalities%20of%20brood%20protection%20and%20other%20forms%20of%20direct%20development%2C%20etc.%5CnSorne%20classic%20views%20are%20to%20be%20discarded%3A%20low%20diversity%20of%20the%20antarctic%20and%20subantarctic%20benthic%20faunas%2C%20bipolarity%2C%20giantism%20%28observed%20only%20among%20the%20benthic%20organisms%20which%20don%27t%20need%20a%20great%20quantity%20of%20calcium%20carbonate%29.%20Similarly%2C%20there%20are%20very%20few%20analogies%20between%20the%20problems%20of%20benthic%20life%20in%20northern%20and%20southem%20polar%20regions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221974%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7ais%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22II6ZGUWX%22%2C%22K3RUCI58%22%2C%229E6TDU3S%22%2C%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-10T15%3A50%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F3K4MZTZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Arnould-P%5Cu00e9tr%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArnould-P%26%23xE9%3Btr%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20M.%20%282019%29%20Construction%20of%20a%20population%20model%20of%20a%20sea%20urchin%20endemic%20to%20the%20Kerguelen%20Plateau%2C%20Abatus%20cordatus%2C%20to%20study%20the%20response%20to%20environmental%20changes.%20Master%20of%20Science.%20Universit%26%23xE9%3B%20de%20Bourgogne.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Construction%20of%20a%20population%20model%20of%20a%20sea%20urchin%20endemic%20to%20the%20Kerguelen%20Plateau%2C%20Abatus%20cordatus%2C%20to%20study%20the%20response%20to%20environmental%20changes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Margot%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arnould-P%5Cu00e9tr%5Cu00e9%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Master%20of%20Science%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Universit%5Cu00e9%20de%20Bourgogne%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-03-04T16%3A20%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226Q3CHBVP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bazin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBazin%2C%20A.%20%282015%29%20Contr%26%23xF4%3Ble%20des%20biotopes%20sur%20l%26%23x2019%3B%26%23xE9%3Bcologie%20des%20oursins%20des%20Iles%20Kerguelen.%20Analyse%20d%26%23x2019%3Bhabitats%20contrast%26%23xE9%3Bs%20%26%23xE0%3B%20l%26%23x2019%3Baide%20de%20traceurs%20isotopiques%20%28%26%23x3B4%3B13C%20et%20%26%23x3B4%3B15N%29%20et%20de%20maqueurs%20g%26%23xE9%3Bochimiques.%20Rapport%20Master%201.%20Dijon.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Contr%5Cu00f4le%20des%20biotopes%20sur%20l%5Cu2019%5Cu00e9cologie%20des%20oursins%20des%20Iles%20Kerguelen.%20Analyse%20d%5Cu2019habitats%20contrast%5Cu00e9s%20%5Cu00e0%20l%5Cu2019aide%20de%20traceurs%20isotopiques%20%28%5Cu03b413C%20et%20%5Cu03b415N%29%20et%20de%20maqueurs%20g%5Cu00e9ochimiques.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bazin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Rapport%20Master%201%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Dijon%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.proteker.net%5C%2FIMG%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F2015_bazin_master_1_controle_des_biotopes_sur_l_ecologie_des_oursins_des_iles_kerguelen._analyse_d_habitats_contrastes_a_l_aide_de_traceurs_isotopiques_13c_et_15n_et_de_maqueurs_geochimiques.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A54%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223IUTXHTD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bazin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBazin%2C%20A.%20%282016%29%20Int%26%23xE9%3Br%26%23xEA%3Bt%20de%20l%26%23x2019%3B%26%23xE9%3Btude%20des%20signatures%20isotopiques%20%26%23x3B4%3B13C%20et%20%26%23x3B4%3B15N%20pour%20la%20caract%26%23xE9%3Brisation%20de%20la%20sensibilit%26%23xE9%3B%20d%26%23x2019%3Besp%26%23xE8%3Bces%20confront%26%23xE9%3Bes%20aux%20changements%20environnementaux.%20Rapport%20Master%202.%20Dijon.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Int%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00eat%20de%20l%5Cu2019%5Cu00e9tude%20des%20signatures%20isotopiques%20%5Cu03b413C%20et%20%5Cu03b415N%20pour%20la%20caract%5Cu00e9risation%20de%20la%20sensibilit%5Cu00e9%20d%5Cu2019esp%5Cu00e8ces%20confront%5Cu00e9es%20aux%20changements%20environnementaux.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bazin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Rapport%20Master%202%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Dijon%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.proteker.net%5C%2FIMG%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F2016_bazin_master_2__interet_de_l_etude_des_signatures_isotopiques_13c_et_15n_pour_la_caracterisation_de_la_sensibilite_d_especes_confrontees_aux_changements_environnementaux.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A55%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZQT7V7A7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Blot%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221989%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBlot%2C%20M.%20%281989%29%20Les%20populations%20de%20Mytilidae%20de%20Kerguelen%20%28oc%26%23xE9%3Ban%20Austral%29%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20g%26%23xE9%3Bn%26%23xE9%3Btique%20et%20adaptation%20%26%23xE0%3B%20l%26%23x2019%3Benvironnement%20de%20Mytilus%20desolationis.%20Th%26%23xE8%3Bse%20de%20sp%26%23xE9%3Bcialit%26%23xE9%3B%20%28PhD%29.%20Paris.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Les%20populations%20de%20Mytilidae%20de%20Kerguelen%20%28oc%5Cu00e9an%20Austral%29%20%3A%20g%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9tique%20et%20adaptation%20%5Cu00e0%20l%5Cu2019environnement%20de%20Mytilus%20desolationis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blot%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Th%5Cu00e8se%20de%20sp%5Cu00e9cialit%5Cu00e9%20%28PhD%29%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Paris%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221989%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A58%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BHQDBKRU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cabessut%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECabessut%2C%20M.%20%282017%29%20Etude%20des%20r%26%23xE9%3Bseaux%20trophiques%20dans%20les%20environnements%20c%26%23xF4%3Btiers%20des%20Iles%20Kerguelen%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20analyse%20des%20r%26%23xE9%3Bgimes%20alimentaires%20d%26%23x2019%3Besp%26%23xE8%3Bces%20d%26%23x2019%3Boursins%20et%20de%20leur%20plasticit%26%23xE9%3B%20trophique%20%26%23xE0%3B%20l%26%23x2019%3Baide%20de%20traceurs%20isotopiques%20%28%26%23x3B4%3B13C%2C%20%26%23x3B4%3B15N%2C%20%26%23x3B4%3B34S%29.%20Rapport%20Master%201.%20Dijon.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Etude%20des%20r%5Cu00e9seaux%20trophiques%20dans%20les%20environnements%20c%5Cu00f4tiers%20des%20Iles%20Kerguelen%20%3A%20analyse%20des%20r%5Cu00e9gimes%20alimentaires%20d%5Cu2019esp%5Cu00e8ces%20d%5Cu2019oursins%20et%20de%20leur%20plasticit%5Cu00e9%20trophique%20%5Cu00e0%20l%5Cu2019aide%20de%20traceurs%20isotopiques%20%28%5Cu03b413C%2C%20%5Cu03b415N%2C%20%5Cu03b434S%29.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cabessut%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Rapport%20Master%201%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Dijon%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.proteker.net%5C%2FIMG%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F2017_cabessut_master_1__etude_des_reseaux_trophiques_dans_les_environnements_cotiers_des_iles_kerguelen_analyse_des_regimes_alimentaires_d_especes_d_oursins_et_de_leur_plasticite_trophique_a_l_aide_de_traceurs_isotop.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A57%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MRRULJBZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cals%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECals%2C%20A.%20%282020%29%20Image%20analysis%20of%20settlement%20plates%20for%20monitoring%20marine%20benthic%20communities%20of%20the%20Kerguelen%20Islands%2C%20a%20preliminary%20study.%20Master%20of%20Science.%20Universit%26%23xE9%3B%20de%20Bourgogne%20%5C%2F%20Ghent%20university.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Image%20analysis%20of%20settlement%20plates%20for%20monitoring%20marine%20benthic%20communities%20of%20the%20Kerguelen%20Islands%2C%20a%20preliminary%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aur%5Cu00e9lien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cals%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Master%20of%20Science%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Universit%5Cu00e9%20de%20Bourgogne%20%5C%2F%20Ghent%20university%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-03-04T16%3A23%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QEXH93ZS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Charpentier%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECharpentier%2C%20A.%20%282017%29%20Etude%20du%20R%26%23xE9%3Bseau%20trophique%20benthique%20de%20la%20baie%20de%20Port-aux-Fran%26%23xE7%3Bais%20aux%20Iles%20Kerguelen.%20Rapport%20Master%202.%20Marseille.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Etude%20du%20R%5Cu00e9seau%20trophique%20benthique%20de%20la%20baie%20de%20Port-aux-Fran%5Cu00e7ais%20aux%20Iles%20Kerguelen.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anouk%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Charpentier%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Rapport%20Master%202%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Marseille%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.proteker.net%5C%2FIMG%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F2018_charpentier_master_2_etude_du_reseau_trophique_benthique_de_la_baie_de_port-aux-francais_aux_iles_kerguelen.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A55%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A3I6CMHR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Desbruy%5Cu00e8res%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221976%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDesbruy%26%23xE8%3Bres%2C%20D.%20%281976%29%20Cycle%20biologique%20de%20quelques%20ann%26%23xE9%3Blides%20polych%26%23xE8%3Btes%20en%20milieu%20sub-antarctique.%20Th%26%23xE8%3Bse%20de%203%26%23xE8%3Bme%20cycle.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cycle%20biologique%20de%20quelques%20ann%5Cu00e9lides%20polych%5Cu00e8tes%20en%20milieu%20sub-antarctique%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Desbruy%5Cu00e8res%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Th%5Cu00e8se%20de%203%5Cu00e8me%20cycle%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221976%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A56%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WDXUJFPJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Duch%5Cu00eane%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221982%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDuch%26%23xEA%3Bne%2C%20J.-C.%20%281982%29%20Etudes%20compar%26%23xE9%3Bes%20de%20la%20biologie%20d%26%23x2019%3BAnn%26%23xE9%3Blides%20Polych%26%23xE8%3Btes%20consid%26%23xE9%3Br%26%23xE9%3Bes%20en%20diff%26%23xE9%3Brentes%20zones%20climatiques.%20Th%26%23xE8%3Bse%20de%20doctorat%20%26%23xE8%3Bs%20sciences%20naturelles.%20Paris.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Etudes%20compar%5Cu00e9es%20de%20la%20biologie%20d%5Cu2019Ann%5Cu00e9lides%20Polych%5Cu00e8tes%20consid%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00e9es%20en%20diff%5Cu00e9rentes%20zones%20climatiques%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Claude%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duch%5Cu00eane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Th%5Cu00e8se%20de%20doctorat%20%5Cu00e8s%20sciences%20naturelles%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Paris%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221982%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A57%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N6WRDFBB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22F%5Cu00e9ral%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221985%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EF%26%23xE9%3Bral%2C%20J.-P.%20%281985%29%20Nutrition%20chez%20un%20invert%26%23xE9%3Bbr%26%23xE9%3B%20marin%20d%26%23xE9%3Btritivore%3A%20Leptosynapta%20galliennei%20%28Holothurioidea-Echinodermata%29%20%5BMolpadia%20violacea%5D.%20Th%26%23xE8%3Bse%20de%20doctorat%20%26%23xE8%3Bs%20sciences%20naturelles.%20Paris.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Nutrition%20chez%20un%20invert%5Cu00e9br%5Cu00e9%20marin%20d%5Cu00e9tritivore%3A%20Leptosynapta%20galliennei%20%28Holothurioidea-Echinodermata%29%20%5BMolpadia%20violacea%5D.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22F%5Cu00e9ral%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Th%5Cu00e8se%20de%20doctorat%20%5Cu00e8s%20sciences%20naturelles%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Paris%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221985%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%5C%2Ftel-01552418v1%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A57%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226BA4Z5VR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22G%5Cu00e9rard%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-03-19%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EG%26%23xE9%3Brard%2C%20K.%20%282008%29%20Phylog%26%23xE9%3Bographie%20et%20g%26%23xE9%3Bn%26%23xE9%3Btique%20des%20populations%20de%20Mytilidae%20de%20l%26%23x2019%3Barchipel%20des%20Kerguelen%3A%20Influence%20de%20l%26%23x2019%3Benvironnement%20austral%20sur%20les%20capacit%26%23xE9%3Bs%20de%20dispersion.%20Doctorat%20biosciences%20de%20l%26%23x2019%3Benvironnement.%20Universit%26%23xE9%3B%20de%20la%20M%26%23xE9%3Bditerran%26%23xE9%3Be.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Phylog%5Cu00e9ographie%20et%20g%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9tique%20des%20populations%20de%20Mytilidae%20de%20l%27archipel%20des%20Kerguelen%3A%20Influence%20de%20l%27environnement%20austral%20sur%20les%20capacit%5Cu00e9s%20de%20dispersion.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00e9rard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22L%5Cu2019oc%5Cu00e9an%20Austral%20connecte%20les%20terres%20%5Cu00e9merg%5Cu00e9es%20de%20la%20zone%20temp%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00e9e%20%5Cu00e0%20froide%20de%20l%5Cu2019h%5Cu00e9misph%5Cu00e8re%20sud.%20Cet%20oc%5Cu00e9an%20est%20caract%5Cu00e9ris%5Cu00e9%20par%20la%20pr%5Cu00e9sence%20de%20plusieurs%20syst%5Cu00e8mes%20frontaux%20et%20surtout%20du%20courant%20circumpolaire.%20L%5Cu2019%5Cu00e9tablissement%20de%20ce%20courant%20date%20de%20l%5Cu2019ouverture%20du%20passage%20de%20Drake%20entre%20l%5Cu2019Am%5Cu00e9rique%20du%20Sud%20et%20la%20p%5Cu00e9ninsule%20Antarctique%2C%20et%20est%20responsable%20de%20la%20dispersion%20de%20nombreuses%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20d%5Cu2019invert%5Cu00e9br%5Cu00e9s%20marins%20%5Cu00e0%20travers%20l%5Cu2019oc%5Cu00e9an%20Austral.%20L%5Cu2019archipel%20des%20Kerguelen%20se%20situe%20dans%20le%20secteur%20indien%20de%20l%5Cu2019oc%5Cu00e9an%20Austral.%20Il%20est%20isol%5Cu00e9%20de%20tout%20continent%20par%20des%20barri%5Cu00e8res%20bathym%5Cu00e9triques%2C%20g%5Cu00e9ographiques%20et%20c%5Cu00e9aniques.%20Deux%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20de%20Mytilidae%20sont%20pr%5Cu00e9sentes%20%5Cu00e0%20Kerguelen%2C%20Aulacomya%20ater%20regia%20et%20Mytilus%20desolationis.%20Ces%20deux%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20ont%20une%20phase%20larvaire%20planctonique%20de%20plusieurs%20semaines%2C%20qui%20leur%20conf%5Cu00e8re%20un%20potentiel%20de%20dispersion%20suppos%5Cu00e9%20fort.%20L%5Cu2019inf%5Cu00e9rence%20de%20l%5Cu2019origine%20g%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9tique%20de%20ces%20deux%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%2C%20permet%20de%20d%5Cu00e9terminer%20si%20elles%20sont%20r%5Cu00e9ellement%20isol%5Cu00e9es%20des%20autres%20populations%20australes.%20L%5Cu2019influence%20de%20certains%20facteurs%20environnementaux%20sur%20leur%20potentiel%20de%20dispersion%2C%20est%20aussi%20discut%5Cu00e9e%20%5Cu00e0%20l%5Cu2019%5Cu00e9chelle%20de%20l%5Cu2019oc%5Cu00e9an%20Austral%2C%20puis%20pour%20Mytilus%20seulement%2C%20%5Cu00e0%20l%5Cu2019%5Cu00e9chelle%20plus%20petite%20des%20c%5Cu00f4tes%20de%20l%5Cu2019archipel%20des%20Kerguelen.%5CnLe%20genre%20Aulacomya%20est%20un%20genre%20austral%20dont%20les%20plus%20anciens%20fossiles%20datent%20de%20l%5Cu2019Eoc%5Cu00e8ne%20moyen%20et%20se%20situent%20sur%20la%20p%5Cu00e9ninsule%20Antarctique%20et%20en%20Patagonie.%20Actuellement%2C%20deux%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20sont%20reconnues%20au%20sein%20de%20ce%20genre%20%3A%20Aulacomya%20maoriana%20en%20Nouvelle-Z%5Cu00e9lande%20et%20A.%20ater%20en%20Am%5Cu00e9rique%20du%20Sud%20et%20en%20Afrique%20du%20Sud%2C%20avec%20cependant%20la%20sous-esp%5Cu00e8ce%20A.%20ater%20regia%20%5Cu00e0%20Kerguelen.%20L%5Cu2019analyse%20de%20cinq%20%5Cu00e9chantillons%20australs%20au%20locus%20mitochondrial%2016S%2C%20r%5Cu00e9v%5Cu00e8le%20trois%20entit%5Cu00e9s%20g%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9tiquement%20diff%5Cu00e9renci%5Cu00e9es%20dont%20l%5Cu2019une%2C%20correspondant%20aux%20populations%20de%20Nouvelle-Z%5Cu00e9lande%2C%20diverge%20des%20deux%20autres%20repr%5Cu00e9sent%5Cu00e9es%20d%5Cu2019une%20part%2C%20par%20les%20populations%20d%5Cu2019Afrique%20du%20Sud%20et%20d%5Cu2019autre%20part%20par%20les%20populations%20de%20Patagonie%20et%20de%20Kerguelen.%20La%20proximit%5Cu00e9%20de%20ces%20deux%20derni%5Cu00e8res%20populations%20pourrait%20s%5Cu2019expliquer%20par%20un%20flux%20g%5Cu00e9nique%20permis%20par%20le%20courant%20circumpolaire.%5CnLes%20moules%20du%20complexe%20d%5Cu2019esp%5Cu00e8ces%20Mytilus%20edulis%20ont%20une%20distribution%20antitropicale.%20L%5Cu2019origine%20du%20genre%20Mytilus%20se%20situe%20dans%20le%20Pacifique%20nord%2C%20il%20y%20a%20environ%204%20millions%20d%5Cu2019ann%5Cu00e9es.%20Dans%20l%5Cu2019h%5Cu00e9misph%5Cu00e8re%20nord%2C%20il%20existe%20trois%20taxons%20g%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9tiquement%20diff%5Cu00e9renci%5Cu00e9s%20%28M.%20edulis%2C%20M.%20galloprovincialis%2C%20M.%20trossulus%29%20malgr%5Cu00e9%20l%5Cu2019existence%20de%20zones%20d%5Cu2019hybridation.%20Dans%20l%5Cu2019h%5Cu00e9misph%5Cu00e8re%20sud%2C%20d%5Cu2019apr%5Cu00e8s%20certains%20crit%5Cu00e8res%20morphologiques%20et%20les%20donn%5Cu00e9es%20de%20marqueurs%20nucl%5Cu00e9aires%2C%20les%20populations%20d%5Cu2019Am%5Cu00e9rique%20du%20Sud%20et%20de%20Kerguelen%20sont%20attribu%5Cu00e9es%20%5Cu00e0%20M.%20edulis%20et%20celle%20d%5Cu2019Australasie%20%5Cu00e0%20M.%20galloprovincialis%2C%20sugg%5Cu00e9rant%20ainsi%20deux%20migrations%20trans-%5Cu00e9quatoriales.%20Ici%2C%20l%5Cu2019analyse%20des%20locus%20mitochondriaux%20COI%20et%2016S%2C%20r%5Cu00e9v%5Cu00e8le%20l%5Cu2019existence%20d%5Cu2019une%20lign%5Cu00e9e%20australe%20constitu%5Cu00e9e%20de%20trois%20clades%20%28Am%5Cu00e9rique%20du%20Sud%20et%20Kerguelen%2C%20Tasmanie%2C%20Nouvelle-Z%5Cu00e9lande%29%2C%20sugg%5Cu00e9rant%20une%20unique%20migration%20trans-%5Cu00e9quatoriale.%20Afin%20de%20r%5Cu00e9concilier%20les%20donn%5Cu00e9es%20nucl%5Cu00e9aires%20et%20mitochondriales%2C%20plusieurs%20hypoth%5Cu00e8ses%20phylog%5Cu00e9ographiques%20sont%20discut%5Cu00e9es.%5CnLa%20diff%5Cu00e9renciation%20g%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9tique%20des%20Mytilus%20de%20l%5Cu2019archipel%20des%20Kerguelen%2C%20est%20ensuite%20analys%5Cu00e9e%20%5Cu00e0%20l%5Cu2019aide%20d%5Cu2019un%20marqueur%20mitochondrial%20%28COI%29%20et%20de%20deux%20marqueurs%20nucl%5Cu00e9aires%2C%20un%20intron%20suppos%5Cu00e9%20neutre%20et%20un%20exon.%20Seul%20l%5Cu2019exon%20r%5Cu00e9v%5Cu00e8le%20une%20diff%5Cu00e9renciation%20g%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9tique%20des%20%5Cu00e9chantillons%20issus%20des%20c%5Cu00f4tes%20Nord%2C%20Sud%20et%20du%20golfe%20du%20Morbihan%20%28enclave%20aux%20conditions%20hydrologiques%20particuli%5Cu00e8res%29.%20A%20l%5Cu2019%5Cu00e9chelle%20de%20l%5Cu2019archipel%2C%20la%20diff%5Cu00e9renciation%20g%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9tique%20peut%20%5Cu00eatre%20reli%5Cu00e9e%20%5Cu00e0%20l%5Cu2019hydrologie.%20Cependant%2C%20l%5Cu2019association%20entre%20la%20diff%5Cu00e9renciation%20g%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9tique%20%5Cu00e0%20petite%20%5Cu00e9chelle%20et%20plusieurs%20variables%20environnementales%20qualitatives%2C%20a%20surtout%20montr%5Cu00e9%20l%5Cu2019influence%20de%20la%20localisation%20g%5Cu00e9ographique%20et%20dans%20une%20moindre%20mesure%2C%20du%20mode%20d%5Cu2019exposition%20du%20site%20de%20r%5Cu00e9colte.%20Chez%20les%20deux%20genres%20de%20Mytilidae%2C%20les%20g%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9alogies%20mitochondriales%20prouvent%20l%5Cu2019origine%20commune%20des%20populations%20de%20Patagonie%20et%20de%20Kerguelen%2C%20et%20sugg%5Cu00e8rent%20l%5Cu2019influence%20du%20courant%20circumpolaire%20sur%20la%20dispersion%20larvaire.%20Cependant%2C%20la%20diff%5Cu00e9renciation%20des%20populations%20de%20Mytilidae%20n%5Cu2019est%20pas%20toujours%20imputable%20aux%20courants%20marins%2C%20ce%20qui%20sugg%5Cu00e8re%20l%5Cu2019influence%20de%20la%20s%5Cu00e9lection%20naturelle%20et%20de%20l%5Cu2019adaptation%20locale.%5Cn%5CnMots-cl%5Cu00e9s%20%3A%20Oc%5Cu00e9an%20Austral%2C%20Archipel%20des%20Kerguelen%2C%20Mytilidae%2C%20Phylog%5Cu00e9ographie%2C%20G%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9tique%20des%20populations%2C%20ADN%20mitochondrial%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Doctorat%20biosciences%20de%20l%27environnement%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Universit%5Cu00e9%20de%20la%20M%5Cu00e9diterran%5Cu00e9e%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2219%5C%2F03%5C%2F2008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7ais%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftheses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr%5C%2F2008AIX22061.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K3RUCI58%22%2C%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-19T09%3A49%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JA4JXDDB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Guillaumot%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGuillaumot%2C%20C.%20%282017%29%20H%26%23xE9%3Bt%26%23xE9%3Brog%26%23xE9%3Bn%26%23xE9%3Bit%26%23xE9%3Bs%20spatiales%2C%20temporelles%20et%20efforts%20d%26%23x2019%3B%26%23xE9%3Bchantillonnage%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20influence%20sur%20la%20mod%26%23xE9%3Blisation%20de%20distribution%20d%26%23x2019%3Besp%26%23xE8%3Bces.%20Le%20cas%20d%26%23x2019%3B%26%23xE9%3Btude%20des%20%26%23xE9%3Bchinides%20du%20plateau%20des%20Kerguelen.%20Rapport%20Master%202.%20Brest.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22H%5Cu00e9t%5Cu00e9rog%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9it%5Cu00e9s%20spatiales%2C%20temporelles%20et%20efforts%20d%5Cu2019%5Cu00e9chantillonnage%20%3A%20influence%20sur%20la%20mod%5Cu00e9lisation%20de%20distribution%20d%5Cu2019esp%5Cu00e8ces.%20Le%20cas%20d%5Cu2019%5Cu00e9tude%20des%20%5Cu00e9chinides%20du%20plateau%20des%20Kerguelen.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charl%5Cu00e8ne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guillaumot%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Rapport%20Master%202%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Brest%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.proteker.net%5C%2FIMG%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F2017_guillaumot_master_2_heterogeneites_spatiales_temporelles_et_efforts_d_echantillonnage_influence_sur_la_modelisation_de_distribution_d_especes._le_cas_d_etude_des_echinides_du_plateau_des_kerguelen.comp.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A56%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BCTBPI5P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Guillaumot%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGuillaumot%2C%20C.%20%282021%29%20Modelling%20the%20response%20of%20Antarctic%20marine%20species%20to%20environmental%20changes.%20Methods%2C%20applications%20and%20limitations.%20PhD%20degree.%20ULB%20%26amp%3B%20UBFC.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modelling%20the%20response%20of%20Antarctic%20marine%20species%20to%20environmental%20changes.%20Methods%2C%20applications%20and%20limitations%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charl%5Cu00e8ne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guillaumot%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Among%20tools%20that%20are%20used%20to%20fill%20knowledge%20gaps%20on%20natural%20systems%2C%20ecological%20modelling%20has%20been%20widely%20applied%20during%20the%20last%20two%20decades.%20Ecological%20models%20are%20simple%20representations%20of%20a%20complex%20reality.%20They%20allow%20to%20highlight%20environmental%20drivers%20of%20species%20ecological%20niche%20and%20better%20understand%20species%20responses%20to%20environmental%20changes.%20However%2C%20applying%20models%20to%20Southern%20Ocean%20benthic%20organisms%20raises%20several%20methodological%20challenges.%20Species%20presence%20datasets%20are%20often%20aggregated%20in%20time%20and%20space%20nearby%20research%20stations%20or%20along%20main%20sailing%20routes.%20Data%20are%20often%20limited%20in%20number%20to%20correctly%20describe%20species%20occupied%20space%20and%20physiology.%20Finally%2C%20environmental%20datasets%20are%20not%20precise%20enough%20to%20accurately%20represent%20the%20complexity%20of%20marine%20habitats.%20Can%20we%20thus%20generate%20performant%20and%20accurate%20models%20at%20the%20scale%20of%20the%20Southern%20Ocean%20%3F%20What%20are%20the%20limits%20of%20such%20approaches%20%3F%20How%20could%20we%20improve%20methods%20to%20build%20more%20relevant%20models%20%3F%20In%20this%20PhD%20thesis%2C%20three%20different%20model%20categories%20have%20been%20studied%20and%20their%20performance%20evaluated.%20%281%29%20Mechanistic%20physiological%20models%20%28Dynamic%20Energy%20Budget%20models%2C%20DEB%29%20simulate%20how%20the%20abiotic%20environment%20influences%20individual%20metabolism%20and%20represent%20the%20species%20fundamental%20niche.%20%282%29%20Species%20distribution%20models%20%28SDMs%29%20predict%20species%20distribution%20probability%20by%20studying%20the%20relationship%20between%20species%20presences%20and%20the%20environment.%20They%20represent%20the%20species%20realised%20niche.%20%283%29%20Dispersal%20lagrangian%20models%20predict%20the%20drift%20of%20propagules%20in%20water%20masses.%20Results%20show%20that%20physiological%20models%20can%20be%20developed%20for%20marine%20Southern%20Ocean%20species%20to%20simulate%20the%20metabolic%20variations%20in%20link%20with%20the%20environment%20and%20predict%20population%20dynamics.%20However%2C%20more%20data%20are%20necessary%20to%20highlight%20detailed%20physiological%20contrasts%20between%20populations%20and%20to%20accurately%20evaluate%20models.%20Results%20obtained%20for%20SDMs%5Cnsuggest%20that%20models%20generated%20at%20the%20scale%20of%20the%20Southern%20Ocean%20and%20future%20simulations%20are%20not%20relevant%2C%20given%20the%20lack%20of%20data%20available%20to%20characterise%20species%20occupied%20space%2C%20the%20lack%20of%20precision%20and%20accuracy%20of%20future%20climate%20scenarios%20and%20the%20impossibility%20to%20evaluate%20models.%20Moreover%2C%20model%20extrapolate%20on%20a%20large%20proportion%20of%20the%20projected%20area.%20Adding%20information%20on%20species%20physiological%20limits%20%28observations%2C%20results%20from%20experiments%2C%20physiological%20model%20outputs%29%20was%20shown%20to%20reduce%20extrapolation%20and%20to%20improve%20the%20capacity%20of%20models%20to%20estimate%20the%20species%20realised%20niche.%20Spatial%20aggregation%20of%20occurrence%20data%2C%20which%20influenced%20model%20predictions%20and%20evaluation%20was%20also%20succefully%20corrected.%20Finally%2C%20dispersal%20models%20showed%20an%20interesting%20potential%20to%20highlight%20the%20role%20of%20geographic%20barriers%20or%20conversely%20of%20spatial%20connectivity%20and%20also%20the%20link%20between%20species%20distribution%2C%20physiology%20and%20phylogeny%20history.%20This%20PhD%20thesis%20provides%20several%20methodological%20advice%2C%20annoted%20codes%20and%20tutorials%20to%20help%20implement%20future%20modelling%20works%20applied%20to%20Southern%20Ocean%20marine%20species.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22PhD%20degree%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22ULB%20%26%20UBFC%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%20%26%20Fran%5Cu00e7ais%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22V6AGH82P%22%2C%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-15T10%3A55%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M9ACN26B%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lang%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221967%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELang%2C%20J.%20%281967%29%20Contribution%20%26%23xE0%3B%20l%26%23x2019%3B%26%23xE9%3Btude%20s%26%23xE9%3Bdimentologique%20du%20golfe%20du%20Morbihan%20%28Iles%20Kerguelen%2C%20Terres%20Australes%20et%20Antarctiques%20fran%26%23xE7%3Baises.%29.%20docteur%20ing%26%23xE9%3Bnieur%20sciences.%20de%20Paris%2C%20facult%26%23xE9%3B%20des%20sciences.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Contribution%20%5Cu00e0%20l%27%5Cu00e9tude%20s%5Cu00e9dimentologique%20du%20golfe%20du%20Morbihan%20%28Iles%20Kerguelen%2C%20Terres%20Australes%20et%20Antarctiques%20fran%5Cu00e7aises.%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacques%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22docteur%20ing%5Cu00e9nieur%20sciences%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22de%20Paris%2C%20facult%5Cu00e9%20des%20sciences%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221967%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22French%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-15T15%3A21%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222ZWQCE34%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Madon-Senez%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221998%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMadon-Senez%2C%20C.%20%281998%29%20Disparite%20morphologique%20et%20architecturale%20des%20Schizasteridae%20incubants%20%28Echinoidea%2C%20Spatangoida%29%20des%20r%26%23xE9%3Bgions%20Australes.%20Th%26%23xE8%3Bse%20de%20sp%26%23xE9%3Bcialit%26%23xE9%3B%20%28PhD%29.%20Dijon.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Disparite%20morphologique%20et%20architecturale%20des%20Schizasteridae%20incubants%20%28Echinoidea%2C%20Spatangoida%29%20des%20r%5Cu00e9gions%20Australes.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9line%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madon-Senez%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Th%5Cu00e8se%20de%20sp%5Cu00e9cialit%5Cu00e9%20%28PhD%29%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Dijon%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221998%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A56%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GRVFXMXN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Magniez%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221980%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMagniez%2C%20P.%20%281980%29%20Le%20cycle%20sexuel%20d%26%23x2019%3BAbatus%20cordatus%20%28Echinoidea%2C%20Spatangoida%29%20-%20Modalit%26%23xE9%3Bs%20d%26%23x2019%3Bincubation%20et%20%26%23xE9%3Bvolution%20histologique%20et%20biochimique%20des%20gonades.%20Th%26%23xE8%3Bse%20de%20sp%26%23xE9%3Bcialit%26%23xE9%3B.%20Paris.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Le%20cycle%20sexuel%20d%5Cu2019Abatus%20cordatus%20%28Echinoidea%2C%20Spatangoida%29%20-%20Modalit%5Cu00e9s%20d%5Cu2019incubation%20et%20%5Cu00e9volution%20histologique%20et%20biochimique%20des%20gonades%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magniez%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Th%5Cu00e8se%20de%20sp%5Cu00e9cialit%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Paris%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221980%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A58%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q9R4C6J3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mespoulh%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221992%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMespoulh%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20P.%20%281992%29%20Morphologie%20d%26%23x2019%3Bun%20%26%23xE9%3Bchinide%20irr%26%23xE9%3Bgulier%20subantarctique%20de%20l%26%23x2019%3Barchipel%20des%20Kerguelen-%20Ontogen%26%23xE8%3Bse%2C%20dimorphisme%20sexuel%20et%20variabilit%26%23xE9%3B%20%5BAbatus%20cordatus%5D.%20Th%26%23xE8%3Bse%20de%20sp%26%23xE9%3Bcialit%26%23xE9%3B%20%28PhD%29.%20Dijon.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Morphologie%20d%5Cu2019un%20%5Cu00e9chinide%20irr%5Cu00e9gulier%20subantarctique%20de%20l%5Cu2019archipel%20des%20Kerguelen-%20Ontogen%5Cu00e8se%2C%20dimorphisme%20sexuel%20et%20variabilit%5Cu00e9%20%5BAbatus%20cordatus%5D%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mespoulh%5Cu00e9%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Th%5Cu00e8se%20de%20sp%5Cu00e9cialit%5Cu00e9%20%28PhD%29%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Dijon%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221992%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A58%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CRP67ZE2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pierrat%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPierrat%2C%20B.%20%282011%29%20Macro%26%23xE9%3Bcologie%20des%20%26%23xE9%3Bchinides%20de%20l%26%23x2019%3BOc%26%23xE9%3Ban%20Austral%2C%20Distribution%2C%20Biog%26%23xE9%3Bographie%20et%20Mod%26%23xE9%3Blisation.%20Th%26%23xE8%3Bse%20de%20dactorat.%20Universit%26%23xE9%3B%20de%20Dijon.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Macro%5Cu00e9cologie%20des%20%5Cu00e9chinides%20de%20l%27Oc%5Cu00e9an%20Austral%2C%20Distribution%2C%20Biog%5Cu00e9ographie%20et%20Mod%5Cu00e9lisation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pierrat%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22What%20are%20the%20forcing%20factors%20and%20main%20patterns%20of%20species%20distribution%3F%20This%20question%20is%20the%20core%20of%20macroecological%20issues%20and%20is%20of%20particular%20interest%20in%20the%20present%20context%20of%20global%20warming.%20The%20main%20objectives%20of%20this%20thesis%20were%20to%20determine%20the%20current%20distribution%20patterns%20of%20Antarctic%20and%20sub-Antarctic%20echinoid%20species%20at%20the%20scale%20of%20the%20whole%20Southern%20Ocean%20and%20to%20highlight%20the%20forcing%20factors%20that%20control%20them.%20The%20ecological%20niche%20modelling%20of%2019%20echinoid%20species%20showed%20that%20distribution%20is%20mainly%20structured%20in%20two%20patterns%3A%20%281%29%20a%20first%20one%20represented%20by%20species%20that%20are%20not%20limited%20to%20the%20south%20of%20the%20Polar%20Front%20and%20distributed%20from%20the%20Antarctic%20coasts%20to%20the%20sub-Antarctic%20and%20cold%20temperate%20areas%2C%20and%20%282%29%20a%20second%20one%20with%20species%20restricted%20to%20the%20Antarctic%20area.%20Within%20these%20two%20main%20patterns%2C%20five%20sub-patterns%20were%20also%20identified%20that%20depend%20on%20differences%20in%20the%20latitudinal%20and%20depth%20range%20of%20species%20groupings.%20In%20addition%20to%20this%20approach%20of%20biogeography%20by%20ecological%20niche%20modelling%2C%20a%20similarity%20analysis%20of%20echinoid%2C%20bivalve%20and%20gastropod%20fauna%20between%20bioregions%20of%20the%20Southern%20Ocean%20was%20performed%20at%20species%20and%20genus%20levels.%20This%20analysis%20reveals%20faunal%20connections%20between%20southern%20South%20America%20and%20sub-Antarctic%20areas%20in%20echinoids%20and%20bivalves%2C%20along%20with%20a%20partition%20between%20the%20East%20and%20West%20Antarctic.%20On%20the%20contrary%2C%20sub-Antarctic%20gastropod%20fauna%20show%20Antarctic%20rather%20than%20South%20American%20affinities%20and%20the%20Antarctic%20form%20a%20sole%20and%20unique%20province%20in%20this%20clade.%20These%20differences%20between%20clades%20are%20interpreted%20as%20the%20result%20of%20distinct%20biogeographic%20and%20evolutionary%20histories%20between%20echinoids%20and%20bivalves%20on%20the%20one%20hand%2C%20and%20gastropods%20on%20the%20other%20hand.%20The%20proposed%20hypothesis%20is%20that%20clades%20developped%20different%20evolutionary%20responses%20to%20the%20environmental%20changes%20that%20occurred%20during%20the%20Cenozoic.%20Finally%2C%20in%20the%20three%20clades%2C%20trans-Antarctic%20faunal%20connections%20are%20shown%20and%20interpreted%20as%20a%20result%20of%20West%20Antarctic%20Ice%20Sheet%20collapses%20and%20the%20setting%20up%20of%20trans-Antarctic%20sea-ways%20during%20the%20Pleistocene.%20Among%20the%20environmental%20parameters%20used%20for%20the%20ecological%20niche%20modelling%2C%20results%20show%20that%20the%20three%20following%20parameters%20play%20the%20main%20part%20in%20echinoid%20distribution%3A%20depth%2C%20sea-ice%20cover%20and%20sea%20surface%20temperature.%20However%2C%20the%20relative%20importance%20of%20these%20parameters%20depends%20on%20the%20species%20under%20studies.%20These%20differences%20are%20particularly%20emphasized%20in%20the%20case%20study%20of%20the%20genus%20Sterechinus.%20The%20species%20S.%20neumayeri%20is%20indeed%20the%20most%20dependent%20on%20environmental%20conditions%20that%20prevail%20along%20the%20Antarctic%20coasts%20%28sea%20surface%20temperature%20and%20sea-ice%20cover%29%2C%20while%20S.%20antarcticus%20doesn%27t%20seem%20to%20be%20so%20much%20under%20the%20control%20of%20these%20parameters.%20Accordingly%2C%20the%20potential%20distribution%20of%20S.%20antarcticus%20in%20latitude%20is%20the%20most%20extended.%20However%2C%20S.%20antarcticus%20is%20not%20present%20over%20the%20whole%20area%20of%20its%20potential%20distribution%2C%20what%20can%20be%20explained%20as%20the%20result%20of%20either%20%281%29%20oceanographic%20factors%20%28role%20of%20the%20Polar%20Front%20as%20a%20biogeographical%20barrier%29%2C%20%282%29%20biotic%20interactions%20%28inter-specific%20competition%29%20or%20%283%29%20the%20temporal%20context%20%28still%20ongoing%20colonization%29.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Th%5Cu00e8se%20de%20dactorat%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Universit%5Cu00e9%20de%20Dijon%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftel.archives-ouvertes.fr%5C%2Ftel-00717643%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-03-04T16%3A06%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22635GD9S5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Poirson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPoirson%2C%20M.%20%282016%29%20%26%23xC9%3Btude%20des%20habitats%20c%26%23xF4%3Btiers%20rocheux%20des%20%26%23xEE%3Bles%20Kerguelen%20et%20bilan%20des%20connaissances%20dans%20le%20but%20de%20mettre%20en%20place%20un%20suivi%20%26%23xE0%3B%20long%20terme%20des%20communaut%26%23xE9%3Bs%20benthiques.%20Rapport%20Master%201.%20Perpignan.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%5Cu00c9tude%20des%20habitats%20c%5Cu00f4tiers%20rocheux%20des%20%5Cu00eeles%20Kerguelen%20et%20bilan%20des%20connaissances%20dans%20le%20but%20de%20mettre%20en%20place%20un%20suivi%20%5Cu00e0%20long%20terme%20des%20communaut%5Cu00e9s%20benthiques.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Manon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poirson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Rapport%20Master%201%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Perpignan%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.proteker.net%5C%2FIMG%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F2016_poirson_master_1_etude_des_habitats_cotiers_rocheux_des_iles_kerguelen_et_bilan_des_connaissances_dans_le_but_de_mettre_en_place_un_suivi_a_long_terme_des_communautes_benthiques.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A57%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222H3UV6NA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Poulin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPoulin%2C%20E.%20%281996%29%20Signification%20adaptative%20et%20cons%26%23xE9%3Bquences%20%26%23xE9%3Bvolutives%20de%20l%26%23x2019%3Bincubation%20chez%20un%20invert%26%23xE9%3Bbr%26%23xE9%3B%20marin%20benthique%20subantarctique%20Abatus%20cordatus%20%28Verrill%2C%201876%29%20%5BEchinodermata%2C%20Spatangoida%5D.%20Th%26%23xE8%3Bse%20de%20sp%26%23xE9%3Bcialit%26%23xE9%3B%20%28PhD%29.%20Montpellier.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Signification%20adaptative%20et%20cons%5Cu00e9quences%20%5Cu00e9volutives%20de%20l%5Cu2019incubation%20chez%20un%20invert%5Cu00e9br%5Cu00e9%20marin%20benthique%20subantarctique%20Abatus%20cordatus%20%28Verrill%2C%201876%29%20%5BEchinodermata%2C%20Spatangoida%5D.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poulin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Th%5Cu00e8se%20de%20sp%5Cu00e9cialit%5Cu00e9%20%28PhD%29%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Montpellier%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.proteker.net%5C%2FIMG%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F1996_poulin_these_signification_adaptative_et_consequences_evolutives_de_l_incubation_chez_un_invertebre_marin_benthique_subantarctique_abatus_cordatus_verrill_1876_echinodermata_spatangoida_.compressed.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A56%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223XRWVW79%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Reviers%20de%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221980%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EReviers%20de%2C%20B.%20%281980%29%20Etude%20biologique%20d%26%23x2019%3BAdenocystis%20utricularis%20et%20d%26%23x2019%3BUtriculidium%20durvillei%2C%20ph%26%23xE9%3Bophyc%26%23xE9%3Bes%20des%20%26%23xEE%3Bles%20Kerguelen.%20Th%26%23xE8%3Bse%20de%203%26%23xE8%3Bme%20cycle.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Etude%20biologique%20d%5Cu2019Adenocystis%20utricularis%20et%20d%5Cu2019Utriculidium%20durvillei%2C%20ph%5Cu00e9ophyc%5Cu00e9es%20des%20%5Cu00eeles%20Kerguelen%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruno%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reviers%20de%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Th%5Cu00e8se%20de%203%5Cu00e8me%20cycle%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221980%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A55%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22K8HCE5UK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Richer%20de%20Forges%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221977%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERicher%20de%20Forges%2C%20B.%20%281977%29%20Etude%20du%20crabe%20des%20%26%23xEE%3Bles%20Kerguelen%20Halicarcinus%20planatus%20%28Fabricius%29.%20Th%26%23xE8%3Bse%20de%203%26%23xE8%3Bme%20cycle.%20Paris%20VI.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Etude%20du%20crabe%20des%20%5Cu00eeles%20Kerguelen%20Halicarcinus%20planatus%20%28Fabricius%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richer%20de%20Forges%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Th%5Cu00e8se%20de%203%5Cu00e8me%20cycle%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Paris%20VI%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221977%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K3RUCI58%22%2C%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-03-04T16%3A09%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223RTPGRFP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Schatt%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221985-09-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESchatt%2C%20P.%20%281985%29%20D%26%23xE9%3Bveloppement%20et%20croissance%20embryonnaire%20de%20l%26%23x2019%3Boursin%20incubant%20Abatus%20cordatus%20%28Echinoidea%2C%20Spatangoida%29.%20UPMC%20Paris-6.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22D%5Cu00e9veloppement%20et%20croissance%20embryonnaire%20de%20l%27oursin%20incubant%20Abatus%20cordatus%20%28Echinoidea%2C%20Spatangoida%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schatt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Le%20d%5Cu00e9veloppement%20d%20Abatus%20cordatu%20s%20%5Cu00e9t%5Cu00e9%20%5Cu00e9tudi%5Cu00e9%20au%20cours%20d%20un%20s%5Cu00e9jour%20%28d%5Cu00e9cembre%201981%20-%20avril%201983%29%20aux%20ries%20Kernuelen.%20Cette%20%5Cu00e9tude%20s%20permis%20de%20d%5Cu00e9finir%20les%20stades%20du%20d%5Cu00e9veloppement%20pr%5Cu00e9coce%20isegmentation%2C%20gastrulation%29%20%5Cu00e0%20partir%20de%20ce%20type%20d%20oeuf%20l%5Cu00e9cithotrophe%20d%27%5Cu00e9chinide%201%20et%20les%20%5Cu00e9tapes%20de%20l%27organogen%5Cu00e9se.%20Ce%20d%5Cu00e9veloppement%20direct%20chez%20un%20%5Cu00e9chinide%20est%20compar%5Cu00e9e%20aux%20autres%20types%20d%27ontogen%5Cu00e8ses%20connues%20chez%20les%20%5Cu00e9chinodermes.%20La%20segmentation%20est%20partielle%2C%20superficielle%20et%20les%20divisions%20cellulaires%20sont%20asynchrones.%20La%20sterroblastule%20ne%20poss%5Cu00e8de%20pas%20de%20blastocoele%20et%20sa%20masse%20centrale%20est%20remplie%20de%20cellules%20m%5Cu00e8sodermiques%20riches%20en%20vitellus.%20Elle%20pr%5Cu00e9sente%20de%20nombreux%20replis%20et%20est%20appel%5Cu00e9e%5Cn%5C%22blastula%20plisse%27.%5CnLa%20gastrulation%20se%20caract%5Cu00e9rise%20par%20un%20mouvement%20de%20migration%20des%20%5Cu00e9l%5Cu00e9ments%20vitellins%20dans%20l%27espace%20p%5Cu00e9riviteilin%20%28les%20enveloppes%20sont%20permanentes%20jusqu%27%5Cu00e0%20la%20fin%20de%20la%20qastrulation%29%20associ%5Cu00e9%20%5Cu00e0%20la%20formation%20de%20la%20cavit%5Cu00e9%20archent%5Cu00e9rique.%20Ces%20%5Cu00e9l%5Cu00e9ments%20vitellins%20produits%20au%20niveau%20de%20l%27%5Cu00e9pith%5Cu00e9lium%20gastrul%5Cu00e9en%2C%20sont%20repris%20par%20la%20masse%20embryonnaire%20au%20niveau%20du%5Cnblastopore.%20L%27%5Cu00e9closion%20se%20produit%20en%20fin%20de%20gastruistion%20et%20lib%5Cu00e8re%20l%27embryon%20de%20ces%20enveloppes%20%28membrane%20de%20f%5Cu00e9condation%20et%20gangues%29.%20A%20ce%20moment%2C%201%20archentrcn%20est%20%5Cu00e0%20son%20maximum%20d%27extension%20et%20le%20blastopore%20se%20ferme.%20Un%20%5Cu00e9paississement%20apical%20de%20l%27%5Cu00e9pith%5Cu00e9lium%20gastrul%5Cu00e9en%20appel%5Cu00e9%20plaque%20%5Cu00e9chinienne%20est%20%5Cu00e0%20l%27origine%20de%20la%20cavit%5Cu00e9%20orale%20de%201%20embryon.%5CnLa%20p5riode%20embryonnaire%20se%20caract%5Cu00e9rise%20par%20la%20mise%20en%20place%20des%20futures%20structures%20juv%5Cu00e9niles%2C%20au%20niveau%20du%20plancher%20%5Cu00e9pith%5Cu00e9lial%20et%20du%20m%5Cu00e9soderme%20sous-jacent%20de%20la%20cavit%5Cu00e9%20orale%20qui%20s%27est%20isol%5Cu00e9e%20dans%20le%20m%5Cu00e9soderme%20oral.%20Cinq%20replis%20ectodermiques%20donnent%20naissance%20%5Cu00e0%20cinq%20papilles%20qui%20progressent%20du%20centre%20vers%20les%20bords%20de%20la%20cavit%5Cu00e9.%20Le%20mouvement%20de%20ces%205%20papilles%20pr%5Cu00e9figure%20la%20sym%5Cu00e9trie%20pentaradime%20qui%20caract%5Cu00e9rise%20les%20%5Cu00e9chinodermes%20adultes.%5CnCinq%20replis%20internes%20ectodermiques%2C%20situ%5Cu00e9s%20en%20arri%5Cu00e8re%20des%205%20papilles%20mettent%20en%20place%20l%27anneau%20nerveux%20et%20les%205%20nerfs%20radiaires.%20Le%20tissu%20nisodermique%20d%5Cu00e9veloppe%20un%20anneau%20aquif%5Cu00e8re%20qui%20se%20prolonge%20par%205%20canaux%20ambulacraires%20localis%5Cu00e9s%20sous%20les%20nerfs%20radiaires%20et%20se%20terminant%20oans%20lesextr%5Cu00e9mit%5Cu00e9s%20des%20papilles.%20Les%20premiers%20bourgeons%20de%20piquants%20et%20de%20podia%5Cns%27%5Cu00e9difient%20au%20cours%20de%20cette%20p%5Cu00e9riode%20embryonnaire.%20Le%20tube%20digestif%20del%27embryon%20est%20issu%20de%201%20archent%5Cu00e9ron.%20li%20est%20ClOS%20et%20commence%20a%20se%20courber.Les%20cellules%20digestives%20sont%20riches%20en%20vitellus%20et%20s%27organisent%20en%20un%20%5Cu00e9pith%5Cu00e9lium%20palissadique%20unistratifi%5Cu00e9.%20Le%20coelome%20se%20forme%20par%20schizocoelie.%20La%20rencontre%20des%20%5Cu00e9pith%5Cu00f4liums%20coelomiques%20forme%20les%20m%5Cu00e9sent%5Cu00e8res%20qui%20suspendent%20le%20tube%20digestif.%20En%20fin%20de%20p%5Cu00e9riode%20embryonnaire%2C%20la%20cavit%5Cu00e9%20orale%20s%27ouvre%20sur%20le%20milieu%20ext%5Cu00e9rieur%20par%20la%20fusion%20de%20l%27%5Cu00e9piderme%20oral%20et%20du%20plafond%20de%20la%20cavit%5Cu00e9.%20L%27%5Cu00e9piderme%20embryonnaire%20joue%20un%20r%5Cu00f4le%20dans%20l%27absorption%20des%20mati%5Cu00e8res%20organiques%20dissoutes%20et%20dans%20l%27excr%5Cu00e9tion.%20Ce%20tissu%20est%20une%20population%20cellulaire%20en%20renouvellement.%5CnLa%20face%20orale%20%28plancher%20de%20la%20cavit%5Cu00e9%20orale%20avec%20ses%20diff%5Cu00e9renciations%20et%20m%5Cu00e9soderme%20sous-jacenti%20progresse%20vers%20le%20p%5Cu00f4le%20aboral%20et%20donne%20naissance%20au%20juv%5Cu00e9nile%20primordial.%20Les%20syst%5Cu00e8mes%20nerveux%20et%20aquif%5Cu00e8re%20poursuivent%20leurs%20diff%5Cu00e9renciations%20tandis%20que%20le%20squelette%20du%20jeune%20oursin%20s%27%5Cu00e9difie%20au%20niveau%20du%20m%5Cu00e9soderme%20sous-ectodermique%20oral.%20Le%20tube%20digestif%20conserve%20la%20mmmc%20structure%20que%20chez%20l%27embryon.%20Il%20se%20courbe%20de%20plus%20en%20plus%20et%20le%20siphon%20apparatt.%20Les%20cellules%20%5Cu00e9pith%5Cu00e9liales%20endodermiques%20et%20celles%20du%20m%5Cu00e9soderme%5Cnl%27entourant%20sont%20encore%20riches%20en%20vitellus%20et%20sont%20peu%20diff%5Cu00e9renci%5Cu00e9es.%5CnLe%20juv%5Cu00e9nile%20final%20pr%5Cu00e9sente%20un%20d%5Cu00e9veloppement%20important%20des%20podia%20et%20des%20piquants%20%5Cu00e2%20squelette%20diff%5Cu00e9renci%5Cu00e9.%20Les%205%20papilles%20forment%20les%20tentacules%20terminaux%20qui%20sont%20observ%5Cu00e9s%20chez%20les%20adultes.%20Le%20tube%20digestif%20s%27est%20consid%5Cu00e9rablement%20appauvri%20en%20vitellus.%20Les%20parties%20ectodermiques%20%28stomod%5Cu00e9um%20et%20proctod%5Cu00e9un%29%20et%20le%20d%5Cu00e9but%20des%20parties%20endodermiqes%20de%20l%27%5Cu00e9pith%5Cu00e9lium%20digestif%20pr%5Cu00e9sentent%20des%20villosit%5Cu00e9s%20bien%20d%5Cu00e9velopp%5Cu00e9es.%20Les%20cellules%20poss%5Cu00e8dent%20une%20bordure%20en%20brosse%20et%20sont%20hautement%20diff%5Cu00e9renci%5Cu00e9es.%20La%20partie%20m%5Cu00e9sodermique%20de%20ces%20zones%20digestives%20comprend%202%20parties%3A%20le%20m%5Cu00e9soderme%20sous%20%5Cu00e9pith%5Cu00e9lial%20dont%20les%20cellules%20tendent%20%5Cu00e0%20devenir%20conjonctives%20et%20oQ%20les%20lacunes%20hmales%20font%20leur%20apparition%2C%20et%201%20%5Cu00e9pith%5Cu00e9lium%20coelomique%20diff%5Cu00e9renci%5Cu00e9%20en%20mydepith%5Cu00e9lium.%20La%20partia%20m%5Cu00e9diane%20de%20l%27%5Cu00e9pith%5Cu00e9lium%20endodermique%20et%20de%20son%20m%5Cu00e9soderme%20reste%20encore%20embryonnaire%2C%20et%20les%20derni%5Cu00e8res%20r%5Cu00e9serves%20vitellines%20s%20y%20localisent%20Lensefnbie%20du%20tube%20digestif%20pr%5Cu00e9sente%20deux%20coubures%20identiques%20%5Cu00e0%20celles%20observ%5Cu00e9es%20chez%20l%27adulte.%20La%20bouche%20et%20lanus%20s%20ouvre%20quelques%20jours%20avant%20la%20naissance%20%28sortie%20des%20poches%20d%27incubation%29.%20Ces%20observations%20montrent%20l%27absence%20totale%20de%20phase%20larvaire%3B%20fait%20original%20chez%20les%20%5Cu00e9chinides%2C%20le%20d%5Cu00e9veloppement%20dAbatus%20cordatu%3A%3B%20est%20direct.%5CnLe%20tube%20digestif%20n%27est%20fonctionnel%20qu%27%5Cu00e0%20la%20fin%20de%20l%27incubation%20%28diff%5Cu00e9renciation%20et%20ouverture%20de%20la%20bouche%20et%20de%20l%27anus%29.%20La%20pr%5Cu00e9sence%20de%20vitellus%20jusqu%27%5Cu00e0%20ce%20stade%2C%20indique%20que%20le%20jeune%20oursin%20utilise%20ses%20r%5Cu00e9serves%20jusqua%20ce%20qu%27il%20soit%20apte%20%5Cu00e0%20vivre%20en%20dehors%20des%20poches%20d%27incubation%20%28vie%20benthique%29.%20Cependant%20l%27embryon%20est%20capable%20d%27absorber%20la%20mati%5Cu00e8re%20orqanique%5Cndissoute.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22UPMC%20Paris-6%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2209%5C%2F12%5C%2F1985%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7ais%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22www.proteker.net%5C%2FIMG%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F1985_schatt_these_developpement_et_croissance_embryonnaire_de_l_oursin_incubant_abatus_cordatus_echinoidea_spatangoida_.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K3RUCI58%22%2C%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-20T14%3A50%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229Q6ZP4QA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A253478%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A234084%2C%22username%22%3A%22feral%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jean-Pierre%20FERAL%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fferal%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Trouslard%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETrouslard%2C%20E.%20%282017%29%20Ecor%26%23xE9%3Bgionalisation%20et%20caract%26%23xE9%3Brisation%20des%20enjeux%20de%20conservation%20des%20habitats%20benthiques%20marins%20du%20plateau%20de%20Kerguelen.%20Rapport%20Master%202.%20Dijon.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ecor%5Cu00e9gionalisation%20et%20caract%5Cu00e9risation%20des%20enjeux%20de%20conservation%20des%20habitats%20benthiques%20marins%20du%20plateau%20de%20Kerguelen.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emmanuelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trouslard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Rapport%20Master%202%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Dijon%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.proteker.net%5C%2FIMG%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F2017_trouslard_master_2_ecoregionalisation_et_caracterisation_des_enjeux_de_conservation_des_habitats_benthiques_marins_du_plateau_de_kerguelen.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UNBB9PWE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-08-26T17%3A56%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Arnaud, P.M. (1974) Contribution à la bionomie marine benthique des régions antarctiques et subantarctiques. Téthys 6, 467–653.
Arnould-Pétré, M. (2019) Construction of a population model of a sea urchin endemic to the Kerguelen Plateau, Abatus cordatus, to study the response to environmental changes. Master of Science. Université de Bourgogne.
Bazin, A. (2015) Contrôle des biotopes sur l’écologie des oursins des Iles Kerguelen. Analyse d’habitats contrastés à l’aide de traceurs isotopiques (δ13C et δ15N) et de maqueurs géochimiques. Rapport Master 1. Dijon.
Bazin, A. (2016) Intérêt de l’étude des signatures isotopiques δ13C et δ15N pour la caractérisation de la sensibilité d’espèces confrontées aux changements environnementaux. Rapport Master 2. Dijon.
Blot, M. (1989) Les populations de Mytilidae de Kerguelen (océan Austral) : génétique et adaptation à l’environnement de Mytilus desolationis. Thèse de spécialité (PhD). Paris.
Cabessut, M. (2017) Etude des réseaux trophiques dans les environnements côtiers des Iles Kerguelen : analyse des régimes alimentaires d’espèces d’oursins et de leur plasticité trophique à l’aide de traceurs isotopiques (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S). Rapport Master 1. Dijon.
Cals, A. (2020) Image analysis of settlement plates for monitoring marine benthic communities of the Kerguelen Islands, a preliminary study. Master of Science. Université de Bourgogne / Ghent university.
Charpentier, A. (2017) Etude du Réseau trophique benthique de la baie de Port-aux-Français aux Iles Kerguelen. Rapport Master 2. Marseille.
Desbruyères, D. (1976) Cycle biologique de quelques annélides polychètes en milieu sub-antarctique. Thèse de 3ème cycle.
Duchêne, J.-C. (1982) Etudes comparées de la biologie d’Annélides Polychètes considérées en différentes zones climatiques. Thèse de doctorat ès sciences naturelles. Paris.
Féral, J.-P. (1985) Nutrition chez un invertébré marin détritivore: Leptosynapta galliennei (Holothurioidea-Echinodermata) [Molpadia violacea]. Thèse de doctorat ès sciences naturelles. Paris.
Gérard, K. (2008) Phylogéographie et génétique des populations de Mytilidae de l’archipel des Kerguelen: Influence de l’environnement austral sur les capacités de dispersion. Doctorat biosciences de l’environnement. Université de la Méditerranée.
Guillaumot, C. (2017) Hétérogénéités spatiales, temporelles et efforts d’échantillonnage : influence sur la modélisation de distribution d’espèces. Le cas d’étude des échinides du plateau des Kerguelen. Rapport Master 2. Brest.
Guillaumot, C. (2021) Modelling the response of Antarctic marine species to environmental changes. Methods, applications and limitations. PhD degree. ULB & UBFC.
Lang, J. (1967) Contribution à l’étude sédimentologique du golfe du Morbihan (Iles Kerguelen, Terres Australes et Antarctiques françaises.). docteur ingénieur sciences. de Paris, faculté des sciences.
Madon-Senez, C. (1998) Disparite morphologique et architecturale des Schizasteridae incubants (Echinoidea, Spatangoida) des régions Australes. Thèse de spécialité (PhD). Dijon.
Magniez, P. (1980) Le cycle sexuel d’Abatus cordatus (Echinoidea, Spatangoida) - Modalités d’incubation et évolution histologique et biochimique des gonades. Thèse de spécialité. Paris.
Mespoulhé, P. (1992) Morphologie d’un échinide irrégulier subantarctique de l’archipel des Kerguelen- Ontogenèse, dimorphisme sexuel et variabilité [Abatus cordatus]. Thèse de spécialité (PhD). Dijon.
Pierrat, B. (2011) Macroécologie des échinides de l’Océan Austral, Distribution, Biogéographie et Modélisation. Thèse de dactorat. Université de Dijon.
Poirson, M. (2016) Étude des habitats côtiers rocheux des îles Kerguelen et bilan des connaissances dans le but de mettre en place un suivi à long terme des communautés benthiques. Rapport Master 1. Perpignan.
Poulin, E. (1996) Signification adaptative et conséquences évolutives de l’incubation chez un invertébré marin benthique subantarctique Abatus cordatus (Verrill, 1876) [Echinodermata, Spatangoida]. Thèse de spécialité (PhD). Montpellier.
Reviers de, B. (1980) Etude biologique d’Adenocystis utricularis et d’Utriculidium durvillei, phéophycées des îles Kerguelen. Thèse de 3ème cycle.
Richer de Forges, B. (1977) Etude du crabe des îles Kerguelen Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius). Thèse de 3ème cycle. Paris VI.
Schatt, P. (1985) Développement et croissance embryonnaire de l’oursin incubant Abatus cordatus (Echinoidea, Spatangoida). UPMC Paris-6.
Trouslard, E. (2017) Ecorégionalisation et caractérisation des enjeux de conservation des habitats benthiques marins du plateau de Kerguelen. Rapport Master 2. Dijon.